There are different circuits that can be used for converting the available 230V AC power to 5V DC power using various techniques. The maximum number of electronic circuits are using DC power for their operation and let us consider the microcontrollers (8051 microcontrollers are typically used in maximum number of microcontroller based projects or circuits) which require 5V DC regulated power supply. The power electronics converter which is used for converting AC to DC is called as rectifier circuit. There are different types of power electronics converters such as rectifier, inverter, voltage regulator, F to V converter, cycloconverter, and so on. Hence, this circuit can be called as a power supply circuit and there are various types of power supply circuits such as switched mode power supply, variable power supply, DC regulated power supply, etc., which are classified based on various criteria. In general, we can observe a circuitry from which the mains power supply is taken and this circuit is used to control the power delivering to the load.
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